Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from the aerial parts of Chuquiraga arcuataHarling grown in the highlands of Ecuador / Composición química, actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas del aceite esencial de las partes aéreas de Chuquiraga arcuataHarling cultivado en las tierras altas del Ecuador

Thechemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of Chuquiraga arcuataHarling grown in the Ecuadorian Andes were studied. One hundred and twenty-six compounds were identified in the essential oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (45.8%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (44.1%) had the major percentages. The most abundant compounds were camphor (21.6%), myrcene (19.5%), and 1,8-cineole (13.4%). Antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH, ABTS,and FRAP assays. The essential oil had a moderate scavenging effect and reduction of ferric ion capacity through FRAP assay. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was observed against four pathogenic bacteria and a fungus. The essential oil exhibited activity against all microorganism strains under test, particularly against Candida albicansand Staphylococcus aureuswith MICs of 2.43-12.10 µg/mL.

Se estudió la composición química, actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas del aceite esencial procedente de las partes aérea (hojas y flores) de Chuquiraga arcuataHarling cultivadas en los Andes ecuatorianos. Se identificaron 126 compuestos en el aceite esencial. Los hidrocarburos monoterpénicos (45,8%) y los monoterpenos oxigenados (44,1%) tuvieron el mayor porcentaje. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron alcanfor (21,6%), mirceno (19,5%) y 1,8-cineol (13,4%). La actividadantioxidante se examinó mediante ensayos DPPH, ABTS y FRAP. El aceite esencial tuvo un efecto eliminador moderado y una reducción de la capacidad de iones férricos mediante el ensayo FRAP. Se observó actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial contra cuatro bacterias y un hongo patógenos. El aceite esencial mostró actividad contra todas las cepas de microorganismos bajo prueba, particularmente contra Candida albicansy Staphylococcus aureuscon CMI de 2,43-12,10 µg/mL.

Intracellular and extracellular water content with carbohydrate-loading diets / Contenido de agua intracelular y extracelular con dietas de carga de carbohidratos / Conteúdo de água intracelular e extracelular com dietas de carregamento de carboidratos

ABSTRACT Introduction: In prolonged physical activities, water replacement and muscle glycogen content are limiting factors in marathon runners. Carbohydrate-loading (CHO) in the days prior to endurance competition is a commonly employed method to optimise muscle glycogen stores and optimise exercise performance. Since each gram of muscle glycogen binds ∼2.7-4 grams of water, water retention may occur during carbohydrate-loading diets. Objective: To evaluate differences between CHO loading strategies (Bergström and Sherman) on intracellular (ICW) and extracellular (ECW) water content. Methods: Twenty-three runners were randomly allocated to two interventions (Bergström and Sherman) in a crossover design. Participants underwent a baseline evaluation before 3 days of glycogen depletion followed by 3 days of carbohydrate loading with a washout of 30 days consisting of normal diet and training. Multifrequency bioimpedance (BIS) was used to assess ICW and ECW at Baseline, Post-depletion and Post-CHO to determine any differences between Bergström and Sherman protocols. Blood samples were also obtained to assess potassium levels. Associations between ICW and ECW and muscle glycogen were determined. Results: There were no differences in ICW or ECW content between the two interventions at any moment. There was an effect of time for ICW, with an increase from Post-depletion to Post-CHO without any difference between interventions. Plasma potassium decreased from Baseline to Post-depletion in both conditions. There was no difference in muscle glycogen content between interventions or moments. Conclusion: There were no differences in ICW and ECW content between the Bergström and Sherman interventions at any moment. Level of Evidence I; Tests of Previously Developed Diagnostic Criteria.

RESUMEN Introducción: En actividades físicas prolongadas, la reposición de agua y el glucógeno muscular son factores limitantes en los corredores de maratón. La carga de carbohidratos (CHO) en los días previos a la competencia de resistencia es un método empleado para optimizar las reservas de glucógeno muscular y el rendimiento del ejercicio. Cómo cada gramo de glucógeno muscular se une a ≈ 2,7 a 4 gramos de agua, puede producirse retención de agua durante las dietas ricas en carbohidratos. Objetivo: Evaluar las diferencias entre las estrategias de carga de carbohidratos (Bergström y Sherman) en el contenido de agua intracelular (AIC) o extracelular (AEC). Métodos: Veintitrés corredores fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos intervenciones (Bergström y Sherman) en un diseño cruzado. Los participantes se sometieron a una evaluación inicial antes de los 3 días de agotamiento del glucógeno, seguido de 3 días de carga de carbohidratos con un tiempo de "washout" de 30 días que consistía en una dieta y entrenamiento normales. Se utilizó bioimpedancia multifrecuencia (BIS) para evaluar AIC y AEC al inicio, después del agotamiento y después de CHO para determinar cualquier diferencia entre las dos intervenciones. También se obtuvieron muestras de sangre para evaluar el potasio. Se determinaron asociaciones entre AIC, AEC y glucógeno muscular. Resultados: No hubo diferencias en el contenido de AIC o AEC entre las dos intervenciones en ningún momento. Hubo un efecto de tiempo para AIC, con un aumento desde Post-agotamiento hasta Post-CHO sin ninguna diferencia entre las intervenciones. El potasio plasmático disminuyó entre el inicio y el post-agotamiento en ambas condiciones. No hubo diferencia en el contenido de glucógeno muscular entre las intervenciones o momentos. Conclusión: No hubo diferencias en el contenido de AIC y AEC entre las dos intervenciones en ningún momento. Nivel de Evidencia I; Pruebas de Criterios Diagnóstico Desarrollados Previamente.

RESUMO Introdução: Em atividades físicas prolongadas a reposição hídrica e o conteúdo de glicogênio muscular são fatores limitantes em corredores de maratonas. O carregamento de carboidrato (CHO) nos dias anteriores à competição de resistência é um método comumente empregado para otimizar os estoques de glicogênio muscular e o desempenho no exercício. Uma vez que cada grama de glicogênio muscular liga-se a ≈2,7 a 4 gramas de água, a retenção hídrica pode ocorrer durante dietas de carregamento de carboidrato. Objetivo: Avaliar diferenças entre as estratégias de carregamento de carboidratos (Bergström e Sherman) no teor de água intracelular (AIC) ou água extracelular (AEC). Métodos: Vinte e três corredores foram alocados aleatoriamente para duas intervenções (Bergström e Sherman) num delineamento em "crossover". Os participantes foram submetidos a uma avaliação inicial antes dos 3 dias de depleção de glicogênio, seguidos por 3 dias de carga de carboidratos com tempo de "washout" de 30 dias consistindo em dieta e treinamento normais. Utilizou-se a bioimpedância multifrequencial (BIS) para avaliar AIC e AEC na Etapa Inicial, Pós-depleção e Pós-CHO para determinar quaisquer diferenças entre os protocolos de Bersgstrom e Sherman. Também foram obtidas coletas de sangue para avaliar o potássio. Foram determinadas associações entre AIC, AEC e glicogênio muscular. Resultados: Não houve diferenças no conteúdo de AIC ou AEC entre as duas intervenções em qualquer momento. Houve um efeito do tempo para AIC, com aumento da etapa Pós-depleção para Pós-CHO sem qualquer diferença entre as intervenções. O potássio plasmático diminuiu entre a Linha de base e Pós-depleção em ambas condições. Não houve diferença no conteúdo de glicogênio muscular entre intervenções ou momentos. Conclusão: Não houve diferenças no conteúdo de AIC e AEC entre as intervenções de Bergström e Sherman em qualquer momento. Nível de Evidência I; Testes de Critérios Diagnósticos Desenvolvidos Anteriormente.

Performance evaluation of the commercial aquafeeds available in the market of Pakistan on Channa marulius (Sole)

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of protein on the growth, body composition, amino acid profile and serology of Channa marulius fingerlings. The experiment was conducted in ten happas installed in earthen ponds, each stocked with 10 fishes for 90 days. Four commercial fish feeds having 25%, 30%, 32% and 40% crude protein (CP) levels were fed to fish at 3% of their wet body weight three times a day. The results of the study revealed that highest weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were observed in 30% protein feed. Meanwhile, moisture content was higher in fish fed with 30% CP feed while highest crude protein was recorded in 40% CP fed fish. Lowest fat content was observed in 32% CP feed. Amino acid profile of fish revealed better results in 30% CP feed. Total protein, glucose and globulin were also highest in fish feeding 30% CP feed, while albumin was highest in 40% CP feed. It is concluded that 30% CP feed showed better results in terms of growth, amino acid profile and serological parameters without effecting fish body composition.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de diferentes níveis de proteína sobre o crescimento, composição corporal, perfil de aminoácidos e sorologia de alevinos de Channa marulius. O experimento foi conduzido em dez happas instalados em tanques de terra, cada um abastecido com 10 peixes, por 90 dias. Quatro alimentos para peixes comerciais com níveis de 25%, 30%, 32% e 40% de proteína bruta (PB) foram dados aos peixes com 3% de seu peso corporal úmido três vezes ao dia. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que maior ganho de peso, taxa de conversão alimentar e taxa de sobrevivência foram observados em 30% de proteína alimentar. Enquanto isso, o conteúdo de umidade foi maior em peixes alimentados com 30% de PB, enquanto a proteína bruta mais alta foi registrada em peixes alimentados com 40% de PB. O menor conteúdo de gordura foi observado em rações com 32% de PB. O perfil de aminoácidos dos peixes revelou melhores resultados na ração com 30% de PB. Proteína total, glicose e globulina também foram maiores em peixes alimentados com ração com 30% de PB, enquanto a albumina foi mais alta com 40% de PB. Conclui-se que a ração com 30% de PB apresentou melhores resultados em termos de crescimento, perfil de aminoácidos e parâmetros sorológicos sem afetar a composição corporal dos peixes.

Performance evaluation of the commercial aquafeeds available in the market of Pakistan on Channa marulius (Sole) / Avaliação de desempenho dos alimentos aquáticos comerciais disponíveis no mercado do Paquistão em Channa marulius (Sole)

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of protein on the growth, body composition, amino acid profile and serology of Channa marulius fingerlings. The experiment was conducted in ten happas installed in earthen ponds, each stocked with 10 fishes for 90 days. Four commercial fish feeds having 25%, 30%, 32% and 40% crude protein (CP) levels were fed to fish at 3% of their wet body weight three times a day. The results of the study revealed that highest weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were observed in 30% protein feed. Meanwhile, moisture content was higher in fish fed with 30% CP feed while highest crude protein was recorded in 40% CP fed fish. Lowest fat content was observed in 32% CP feed. Amino acid profile of fish revealed better results in 30% CP feed. Total protein, glucose and globulin were also highest in fish feeding 30% CP feed, while albumin was highest in 40% CP feed. It is concluded that 30% CP feed showed better results in terms of growth, amino acid profile and serological parameters without effecting fish body composition.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de diferentes níveis de proteína sobre o crescimento, composição corporal, perfil de aminoácidos e sorologia de alevinos de Channa marulius. O experimento foi conduzido em dez happas instalados em tanques de terra, cada um abastecido com 10 peixes, por 90 dias. Quatro alimentos para peixes comerciais com níveis de 25%, 30%, 32% e 40% de proteína bruta (PB) foram dados aos peixes com 3% de seu peso corporal úmido três vezes ao dia. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que maior ganho de peso, taxa de conversão alimentar e taxa de sobrevivência foram observados em 30% de proteína alimentar. Enquanto isso, o conteúdo de umidade foi maior em peixes alimentados com 30% de PB, enquanto a proteína bruta mais alta foi registrada em peixes alimentados com 40% de PB. O menor conteúdo de gordura foi observado em rações com 32% de PB. O perfil de aminoácidos dos peixes revelou melhores resultados na ração com 30% de PB. Proteína total, glicose e globulina também foram maiores em peixes alimentados com ração com 30% de PB, enquanto a albumina foi mais alta com 40% de PB. Conclui-se que a ração com 30% de PB apresentou melhores resultados em termos de crescimento, perfil de aminoácidos e parâmetros sorológicos sem afetar a composição corporal dos peixes.

Strength and endurance training in cytokine and body composition of people with hiv/aids / Entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia en citoquinas y composición corporal de personas con vih/sida / Treinamento de força e resistência em citocinas e composição corporal de pessoas com hiv/aids

ABSTRACT Introduction: HIV/AIDS is considered one of the great cases of public health, but it is seen that patients who use antiretroviral therapy (ART) and practice strength training promote a promotion of their health. Objectives: Assess the impact of strength and resistance training on cytokines and body composition in people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: Randomized clinical trial, the sample consisted of 12 patients, 7 from the Strength Group (GF) and 5 from Group 2, Muscular Resistance (MGR). We compared the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α cytokines and body composition in the first and last sessions. The patients completed 36 strength and resistance training sessions over 12 weeks. Results: After 36 sessions of GRM resistance training, there was a significant increase from 4,734 pg/mL to 5,050 pg/mL of IL-10 (p=0.002). Regarding the GFR, no significant results were found. For body composition, there were significant differences in GFR due to the increase in lean mass of the arms from 6,441g to 7,014g (p=0.04), legs from 16,379g to 17,281g (p=0.02) and whole body of 45,640g to 47,343g (p=0.01). In G2 there was a significant decrease in the percentage of fat in the arms from 23,160% to 20,750% (p = 0.04). To assess quality of life, the WHOQOL-HIV-Bref questionnaire was used, where significant improvement was found in all domains, except for the level of independence domain. Conclusion: We conclude that muscular resistance training is effective in increasing IL-10 and decreasing the percentage of fat in the arms, whereas strength training increases lean mass in arms, legs, and the whole body. Level of Evidence I; Randomized Clinical Trial.

RESUMEN Introducción: El VIH/SIDA es considerado uno de los grandes casos de salud pública, sin embargo, está comprobado que pacientes que hacen uso de la terapia antirretroviral (TARV) y practican entrenamiento de fuerza provoca una promoción de su salud. Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto del entrenamiento de fuerza en la resistencia a las citoquinas y en la composición corporal de las personas que viven con VIH/SIDA. Métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, la muestra estuvo compuesta por 12 pacientes, siete del Grupo de Fuerza (TFG) y cinco del Grupo de Resistencia Muscular (GRM). Se compararon los niveles de las citocinas IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 y TNF-α y la composición corporal en la primera y la última sesión. Los pacientes completaron 36 sesiones de entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia durante 12 semanas. Resultados: Tras 36 sesiones de entrenamiento de resistencia GRM, se produjo un aumento significativo de 4.734 pg/mL a 5.050 pg/mL de IL-10 (p=0,002). En cuanto a la TFG, no se encontraron resultados significativos. En cuanto a la composición corporal, hubo diferencias significativas en la TFG debido al aumento de la masa magra en brazos de 6.441g a 7.014g (p=0,04), piernas de 16.379g a 17.281g (p=0,02) y cuerpo entero de 45.640g a 47.343g (p=0,01). En el GRM hubo una disminución significativa del porcentaje de grasa en los brazos de 23.160% a 20.750% (p = 0,04). Para la evaluación de la calidad de vida se utilizó el cuestionario WHOQOL-HIV-Bref, donde se encontró una mejoría significativa en todos los dominios, excepto en el dominio nivel de independencia. Conclusión: Concluimos que el entrenamiento de resistencia muscular es eficaz para aumentar la IL-10 y disminuir el porcentaje de grasa en los brazos, mientras que el entrenamiento de fuerza aumenta la masa magra total. Nivel de Evidencia I; Ensayo clínico aleatorizado.

RESUMO Introdução: O HIV/AIDS é considerado um dos grandes casos de saúde pública, porém verifica-se que pacientes que fazem uso de terapia antirretroviral (TARV) e praticam treinamento de força provocam uma promoção de sua saúde. Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto do treinamento de força sobre a resistência nas citocinas e a composição corporal de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado, a amostra foi composta por 12 pacientes, sendo sete do Grupo Força (TFG) e cinco do Grupo Resistência Muscular (GRM). Comparou-se os níveis das citocinas IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 e TNF-α e a composição corporal na primeira e na última sessão. Os pacientes completaram 36 sessões de treinamento de força e resistência ao longo de 12 semanas. Resultados: Após 36 sessões de treinamento resistido GRM, houve um aumento significativo de 4.734 pg/mL para 5.050 pg/mL de IL-10 (p=0,002). Em relação à TFG, não foram encontrados resultados significativos. Para composição corporal, houve diferenças significativas na TFG devido ao aumento da massa magra dos braços de 6.441g para 7.014g (p=0,04), pernas de 16.379g para 17.281g (p=0,02) e corpo inteiro de 45.640g para 47.343g (p=0,01). No GRM houve diminuição significativa do percentual de gordura nos braços de 23.160% para 20.750% (p = 0,04). Para avaliação da qualidade de vida foi utilizado o questionário WHOQOL-HIV-Bref, onde foi encontrada uma melhora significativa em todos os domínios, exceto no domínio nível de independência. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o treinamento de resistência muscular é eficaz em aumentar a IL-10 e diminuir o percentual de gordura nos braços, enquanto o treinamento de força aumenta a massa magra geral. Nível de Evidência I; Ensaio Clínico Randomizado.

Heart Rate Reactivity to Acute Mental Stress is Associated With Parasympathetic Withdrawal and Adiposity in Firefighters

Abstract Background Firefighters are regularly exposed to stress and have a high incidence of cardiovascular events. Investigating cardiovascular and autonomic reactivity to acute mental stress (AMS) and its association with adiposity may contribute to explaining the increased cardiovascular risk in these professionals. Objectives To evaluate cardiovascular and autonomic reactivity to AMS in firefighters while considering adiposity parameters. Methods This study recorded the blood pressure and heart rate (HR) of twenty-five firefighters (38±8 years) at rest, while performing the Stroop color-word test to induce AMS, and recovery. Cardiac autonomic modulation (HR variability), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS — sequential method), and adiposity (electrical bioimpedance) were assessed. One-way or two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test and multiple linear regression were performed. The significance level was P<0.05. Results The AMS increased mean arterial pressure (MAP — Δ16±13 mmHg) and HR (Δ14±7 bpm) ( P <0.05). These responses were associated with parasympathetic modulation withdrawal (RMSSD: baseline: 29.8±18 vs. AMS: 21.5±14 ms; High-frequency: baseline: 5.2±1.4 vs. AMS: 4.5±1.3 Ln ms 2 ; P <0.05) and decreased in the Up gain of the baroreflex (baseline: 8.9±5.1 vs. AMS: 6.3±3.0 mmHg/ms; P <0.05). Groups divided by HR reactivity peak showed parasympathetic modulation withdrawal only in firefighters with lower adiposity (RMSSD: baseline: 27.8±17.6 vs. AMS: 14.4±9.2 ms; High-Frequency: baseline: 5.3±1.2 vs. AMS: 3.8±1.4 Ln ms 2 ; P <0.05). Fat percentage (β = -0.499), BRS (β = 0.486), and sympathetic/parasympathetic balance (β = -0.351) were predictors of HR reactivity ( P <0.05). Conclusion Our results demonstrated that HR reactivity to AMS modulated by cardiac vagal withdrawal seems to be influenced by body composition in this group of firefighters.

Effect of treatment with growth hormone on body composition and metabolic profile of short children born small for gestational age / Efeito do tratamento com hormônio de crescimento na composição corporal e no perfil metabólico de crianças nascidas pequenas para a idade gestacional com baixa estatura

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effect of recombinant growth hormone (rGH) on body composition and metabolic profile of prepubertal short children born small for gestational age (SGA) before and after 18 months of treatment. Methods: It is a clinical, non-randomized, and paired study. Children born SGA, with birth weight and/or length <-2 standard deviations (SD) for gestational age and sex, prepubertal, born at full term, of both genders, with the indication for treatment with rGH were included. The intervention was performed with biosynthetic rGH at doses ranging from 0.03 to 0.05 mg/kg/day, administered subcutaneously, once a day at bedtime. Total lean mass (LM) and total fat mass (FM) were carried out using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the metabolic profile was assessed for insulin, glycemia, IGF-1 levels and lipid profile. Results: Twelve patients (nine girls, 8.17±2.39 y) were evaluated; three patients dropped out of the study. There was an increase of LM adjusted for length (LMI) (p=0.008), LMI standard deviation score (SDS) adjusted for age and sex (p=0.007), and total LM (p<0.001). The percentage of body fat (BF%) and abdominal fat (AF) remained unaltered in relation to the beginning of treatment. Among the metabolic variables, blood glucose remained within normal levels, and there was a reduction in the number of participants with altered cholesterol (p=0.023). Conclusions: The effect of rGH treatment was higher on LM than in FM, with increased LM adjusted for length and standardized for age and sex. Glycemia remained within the normal limits, and there was a decreased number of children with total cholesterol above the recommended levels.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do hormônio de crescimento recombinante (rHC) na composição corporal e no perfil metabólico de crianças pré-púberes com baixa estatura, nascidas pequenas para a idade gestacional (PIG) antes e depois de 18 meses de tratamento. Métodos: Estudo clínico, não randomizado e pareado. Foram incluídas crianças nascidas PIG, com peso e/ou altura ao nascer <-2 desvios padrão (DP) para idade gestacional e sexo, pré-púberes, nascidas a termo, de ambos os sexos, com indicação de tratamento com rGH. A intervenção foi realizada com rGH biossintético com doses variando de 0,03 a 0,05 mg/kg/dia, administrado por via subcutânea, uma vez ao dia ao deitar-se. A massa magra total (LM) e a massa gorda total (MG) foram determinadas por meio de absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia (DXA), e o perfil metabólico foi avaliado com dosagens de insulina, glicemia, IGF-1 e perfil lipídico. Resultados: Doze pacientes (nove meninas, 8,17±2,39 anos) foram avaliados; três pacientes abandonaram o estudo. Houve aumento da LM ajustada para estatura (LMI) (p=0,008), LMI standard deviation scores (SDS) ajustada para idade e sexo (p=0,007) e LM total (p<0,001). O percentual de gordura corporal (GC%) e gordura abdominal (AF) permaneceu inalterado em relação ao início do tratamento. Entre as variáveis metabólicas, a glicemia manteve-se na normalidade, e houve redução do número de participantes com colesterol alterado (p=0,023). Conclusões: O efeito do tratamento com HCr foi maior na MM do que na MG, com o aumento da MM ajustada para altura e padronizada para idade e sexo. A glicemia permaneceu normal e houve redução do número de crianças com colesterol total acima do recomendado.

Historical Evolution and Modern Research Progress of Processing of Scutellariae Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By consulting ancient herbal books and modern literature， this paper systematically sorted out and researched the processing history， relevant processing norms in recent years， modern processing technology， chemical composition changes of processed products and their pharmacological mechanism of Scutellariae Radix， in order to provide a basis for the further development of Scutellariae Radix decoction pieces. According to the textual research of ancient books， there were many kinds of processing auxiliary materials of Scutellariae Radix， such as wine， vinegar， salt， honey， pig bile and so on， among which the wine processing was the most diverse and detailed， and the processed products such as raw products， stir-fried products， wine-processed products， fried charcoal products were still in use. The modern processing techniques of Scutellariae Radix mainly focus on the processing aspects of softening and slicing， wine processing and charcoal frying， and the research methods are relatively unified. At present， it is found that the changed chemical constituents of Scutellariae Radix after processing are flavonoids， polysaccharides， volatile oils and trace elements， etc. Pharmacological effects of processed products are hemostasis， antibacterial， anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， analgesic and antipyretic， treatment of lung diseases， treatment of colitis， etc. However， in the studies of Scutellariae Radix processing， there is a lack of research on the structural changes of chemical components caused by processing and a comprehensive comparative study on the pharmacological effects of various processed products. Based on this， it is suggested to carry out systematic research on the processing technology to processing mechanism， further explore the relationship between the change rule of material basis and pharmacological action before and after processing of Scutellariae Radix， and deepen the exploration of molecular mechanism and clinical application of processed products of Scutellariae Radix， in order to clarify the scientific connotation of the processing mechanism of Scutellariae Radix， and lay a foundation for the subsequent expansion of the application of Scutellariae Radix decoction pieces and the formulation of processing standards.

In vivo Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Shenbai Nanosuspension in Rats Based on Overall Composition of Chinese Materia Medica / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo clarify the scientific validity of in vivo pharmacokinetic determination of the whole drug composition in Shenbai nanosuspension in rats， and to provide methodological guidance and theoretical basis for the in vivo study of multi-component complex system of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） preparations. MethodThe concentration of the overall components， mainly total saponins and total polysaccharides in Shenbai decoction and Shenbai nanosuspension， was determined in rat plasma at different times by area under the absorbance-wavelength curve method（AUAWC）， and the concentration of individual ginsenoside Rg1 was determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the methodology was verified. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the whole component were compared with those of ginsenoside Rg1 to evaluate the in vivo operational characteristics of the two preparations. ResultThe methodological investigations of AUAWC and HPLC were in accordance with the requirements. AUAWC analysis showed that the overall components in both the decoction group and the nanosuspension group showed a one-compartment model， with half-life（t1/2） of 2.43 h and 2.04 h， respectively. The relative bioavailability of Shenbai nanosuspension was 138.99%. HPLC assay showed that ginsenoside Rg1 in the decoction group and the nanosuspension group showed a two-compartment model， with distribution half-life（t1/2α） of 0.13 h and 2.55 h， and elimination half-life（t1/2β） were 14.28 h and 3.85 h， respectively. The relative bioavailability of Shenbai nanosuspension was 127.49%. Compared with Shenbai decoction， the time to peak（tmax）， peak concentration（Cmax） and area under the drug-time curve（AUC） of the overall components and ginsenoside Rg1 in Shenbai nanosuspension were increased. ConclusionThe established AUAWC can be used for the pharmacokinetic study of the overall components of TCM preparations， which is complementary to the results of individual components measured by HPLC， and can provide useful reference for the in vivo study of new dosage forms of TCM.

Quality Evaluation of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma in Different Production Methods Based on Traditional Traits / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveBased on the experience of traditional quality evaluation， the quality of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（AMR） with different production methods such as direct seeding， transplanting after seedling raising， topping and non-topping， and difference in growth years was compared. MethodVernier caliper was used to measure the trait data of AMR in different production methods. Paraffin sections of AMR with different production methods were made by saffron solid green staining， and the microstructure was observed. The contents of water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts in AMR with different production methods were determined according to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of water-soluble total polysaccharides in AMR with different production methods was detected by sulfuric acid-anthrone method. Fiber analyzer was used to detect the content of fiber components in AMR with different production methods. The contents of monosaccharides， oligosaccharides and some secondary metabolites in AMR with different production methods were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）， and the differences of chemical components were compared by multivariate statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis（PCA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）. ResultIn terms of traits， the 3-year-old AMR with direct seeding and without topping was close to the high-quality AMR with "phoenix-head and crane-neck， strong sweetness and clear aroma" recorded in ancient materia medica， followed by the 3-year-old AMR with topping after transplanting， while the 2-year-old AMR with topping after transplanting with high market circulation rate was generally fat and strong with mild odor. In the microscopic aspect， the arrangement of xylem vessels and fiber bundles in the 3-year-old samples formed two obvious rings. Compared with the 2-year-old samples cultivated in Bozhou and Zhejiang， the 3-year-old samples without topping after transplanting had more wood fibers. In terms of chemical composition， the contents of 70% ethanol extract， fructose， glucose， sucrose， 1-kestose， atractylenolide Ⅰ， chlorogenic acid， neochlorogenic acid， cryptochlorogenic acid and other components in 3-year-old AMR with direct seeding and without topping were significantly higher than those in the other three samples（P<0.05）. The contents of cellulose， 70% ethanol extract， sucrose， atractylenolide Ⅰ， atractylone and other components in 3-year-old AMR with topping after transplanting were significantly higher than those in the 2-year-old AMR with high market circulation rate（P<0.05）， while the contents of water-soluble extract and water-soluble total polysaccharides in 2-year-old samples with topping after transplanting were significantly higher than those in the 3-year-old AMR with topping after transplanting， direct seeding and without topping（P<0.05）. ConclusionUnder the current mainstream production mode， too much manual intervention makes AMR heavily enriched in polysaccharides and increased the yield， but the accumulation of sweet substances， fragrant substances and fiber substances is insufficient， which affects its quality. The current quality standard of AMR has some shortcomings in guiding the high quality production of it， it is suggested to revise the quality standard of AMR， supplement the quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites， and strengthen the production of imitation wild AMR.

Reviews and Recommendations in Comparative Studies on Quality of Wild and Cultivated Chinese Crude Drugs / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By reviewing the research history on quality comparison between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs， this paper systematically combed the relevant research reports since the 1950s， and summarized and analyzed the results of existing comparative studies， and found that the existing comparative research on the quality of wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs were mainly focused on several aspects， including characteristics， microstructures， chemical compositions， pharmacodynamic effects， and genetic diversity. Among these， comparative studies of chemical compositions have been the dominant approach， with a particular emphasis on comparing the contents of index components. However， research on pharmacodynamic effects remained relatively limited. Due to various factors such as sample quantity， sample origin， growth period and cultivation methods， the differences in quality between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs vary significantly. In general， most wild Chinese crude drugs exhibited higher quality than cultivated products， with significant differences in their characteristics. The contents and proportions of some chemical components underwent noticeable changes， particularly with a marked increase in the proportion of primary metabolites after cultivation. The quality of cultivated Chinese crude drugs is closely related to the cultivation practices employed. Chinese crude drugs produced through wild nurturing， simulated wild planting， ecological cultivation， and other similar methods demonstrate quality levels comparable to those of wild Chinese crude drugs. Based on the analysis results， it is recommended to explicitly specify the cultivation practices and cultivation period of cultivated Chinese crude drugs in comparative studies of the quality between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs. Multiple technical approaches， including characteristics， microscopy， non-targeted metabolomics combined with quantitative analysis of differential components， and bioefficacy evaluation， should be employed to comprehensively assess the quality disparities between wild and cultivated Chinese crude drugs. Moreover， research efforts should be intensified to investigate the changes in pharmacodynamic effects resulting from differences in plant cell wall composition， primary metabolites， and secondary metabolites， in order to guide the production of high-quality Chinese crude drugs.

Relación entre la Temperatura de Superficie, la Composición Corporal e Indicadores Antropométricos de Obesidad y Sobrepeso / Relationship Between Surface Temperature, Body Composition and Anthropometric Indicators of Obesity and Overweight

La termografía por infrarrojo (TI) permite evaluar la temperatura corporal, medir los cambios en la disipación del calor corporal en superficie y relacionarlos con las características de composición corporal e índices antropométricos. Aumentar el número de registros de zonas corporales evaluadas con TI y establecer las relaciones de estas temperaturas (32 áreas corporales) con variables de composición corporal e índices antropométricos, como el índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice cintura cadera, índice cintura estatura, en hombres adultos divididos según su estado ponderal. Participaron 60 hombres, adultos sanos, divididos en 2 grupos: grupo 1 (n=30), con IMC ≤ 24,9, edad 23,2 ± 3,9 años, masa corporal 66,5 ± 6,5 kg, y talla 170,5 ± 7,4 cm; y, grupo 2 (n= 30), con IMC > 24,9, edad 29,4 ± 9,9 años, masa corporal 84,5 ± 11,9 kg, y talla 172,0 ± 7,18 cm. Se realizaron evaluaciones antropométricas y de TI. Sujetos con IMC ≤ 24,9 kg/ m2 presentaron valores mayores de temperatura superficial, en todas las zonas estudiadas, a diferencia de los sujetos con niveles de IMC > 24,9 kg/m2, donde la disipación del calor corporal fue menor. Existe una estrecha relación entre la temperatura superficial de la piel y el IMC, donde sujetos con un IMC normal mostraron una disipación de calor y valores de temperatura superficial mayores, en todas las zonas evaluadas, a diferencia de los sujetos con un IMC que se encontraba por encima del límite de normalidad.

SUMMARY: Infrared thermography (IT) makes it possible to assess body temperature, measure changes in body heat dissipation on the surface, and relate them to body composition characteristics and anthropometric indices. The objective of this study was to increase the number of records of body areas evaluated with IT and establish the relationships of these temperatures (32 body areas) with body composition variables and anthropometric indices, such as body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, in adult men divided according to their weight status. A total of 60 healthy adult men participated, divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=30), with a body mass index (BMI) ≤ 24.9, age 23.2 ± 3.9 years, body mass 66.5 ± 6.5 kg, and height 170.5 ± 7.4 cm; and, group 2 (n = 30), with BMI > 24.9, age 29.4 ± 9.9 years, body mass 84.5 ± 11.9 kg, and height 172.0 ± 7.18 cm. Anthropometric and IT assessments were performed. Subjects with BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/ m2 presented higher values of surface temperature in all areas studied, unlike subjects with BMI levels > 24.9 kg/m2, where body heat dissipation was lower. There is a close relationship between skin surface temperature and BMI, where subjects with a normal BMI showed higher heat dissipation and surface temperature values, in all evaluated areas, unlike subjects with a BMI that was above the normal limit.

Cardio-Physiological and Anthropometric Profile of Elite International Handball Players from Top Ranking Macedonian Teams / Perfil Cardiofisiológico y Antropométrico de Jugadores Internacionales de Balonmano de Élite de Equipos Macedonios de Primer Nivel

SUMMARY: Monitoring of body composition and cardiophysiological parameters are main part of the general health status of handball players and significant indicators of their physical fitness. The assessment of body components, especially skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass are important because of their influence on sport performance. The aim of this study is to determine the body composition and cardiophysiological characteristics of elite handball players from Republic of North Macedonia. 27 male HB players from two top ranking teams from RNM were tested ergometrically with Bruce protocol for determination of maximal oxygen consumption; body analysis was made with bioelectrical impedance analyzer, InBody 720. Anthropometric parameters were as follows: mean height was 190.4±7.8 cm and weight 96.3±15.5 kg, skeletal muscle mass (SMM)=47.11±6.69 kg; BMI=26.38±3.1; BF%=15.04±6.01 and WHR=0.9±1.8. The result of ergometrical test produce mean VO2 max=43.92 ml/kg/min which is 100.46 % of reference value. The body composition of elite international handball players from the top handball teams in Republic of North Macedonia showed similar body components as other European handball players. The obesity diagnose parameters were negatively associated with exercise time and maximal oxygen consumption.

El seguimiento de la composición corporal y los parámetros cardiofisiológicos son una parte principal del estado de salud general de los jugadores de balonmano y son indicadores importantes de su condición física. La evaluación de los componentes corporales, especialmente la masa muscular esquelética y la masa grasa corporal, son importantes debido a su influencia en el rendimiento deportivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la composición corporal y las características cardiofisiológicas de jugadores de balonmano de élite de la República de Macedonia del Norte. Se evaluaron 27 jugadores masculinos de HB de dos equipos de primer nivel de RNM ergométricamente con el protocolo de Bruce para determinar el consumo máximo de oxígeno; el análisis corporal se realizó con el analizador de impedancia bioeléctrica InBody 720. Los parámetros antropométricos fueron los siguientes: talla media 190,4±7,8 cm y peso 96,3±15,5 kg, masa músculo esquelética (SMM)=47,11±6,69 kg; IMC=26,38±3,1; %GC=15,04±6,01 y RCC=0,9±1,8. El resultado de la prueba ergométrica produce un VO2 máximo medio = 43,92 ml/kg/ min, que es el 100,46 % del valor de referencia. La composición corporal de los jugadores de balonmano internacionales de élite de los mejores equipos de balonmano de la República de Macedonia del Norte mostró componentes corporales similares a los de otros jugadores de balonmano europeos. Los parámetros diagnósticos de obesidad se asociaron negativamente con el tiempo de ejercicio y el consumo máximo de oxígeno.

Tokyo 2021 Olympic Water Polo Champions and Their Anthropometric Characteristics and Body Composition Compared to Other Players / Campeones Olímpicos de Waterpolo de Tokio 2021 y sus Características Antropométricas y Composición Corporal en Comparación con Otros Jugadores

SUMMARY: The Olympic Games always offer great interest when it comes to water polo. Currently, many selections have an approximate quality and details determine who will win. Prior to the tournament the authors wanted to verify body composition and anthropometric characteristics of players of the three national teams, Serbia, the United States of America (USA) and Montenegro. The purpose of this research was to determine the differences in body composition and anthropometric characteristics between the water polo players of the national team of Serbia and Olympic champion in Tokyo 2021, the national team of USA which took sixth place and the national team of Montenegro, which took the eighth place. Body mass index, fat percentage and muscle mass (body composition variables) were evaluated by Bioelectric Impedance type MC-980 and body height, body weight, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, skinfold of the back, abdominal skinfold, upper leg skinfold, lower leg skinfold (other anthropometric characteristics) were evaluated by an anthropometer and a calliper. ANOVA showed that there was a statistically significant difference in fat percentage. The LSD post hoc test showed statistically significant differences between the water polo players of the Montenegrin national team (13.33 %) compared to the water polo players of the USA national team (16.67 %). It can be stated that water polo players from Montenegro had a statistically significantly lower fat percentage than water polo players from the USA and a lower level of fat than water polo players from Serbia, though this was not statistically significant. Although the fat percentage is a disruptive factor with athletes, it had no effect on the result at the Olympic Games in Tokyo, because Serbia eventually won the gold medal, the USA obtained sixth place, and Montenegro eighth place. It means that some other abilities influenced the results at the Tokyo Olympics in water polo, for example tactical, physical, psychological, technical... which is to be shown by some other research.

Los Juegos Olímpicos siempre ofrecen un gran interés en lo que respecta al waterpolo. Actualmente, muchas selecciones tienen una calidad aproximada y los detalles determinan quién ganará. Antes del torneo, los autores deseaban comprobar la composición corporal y las características antropométricas de los jugadores de las tres selecciones nacionales: Serbia, Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) y Montenegro, que siempre tienen las mayores ambiciones en las grandes competiciones. El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias en composición corporal y características antropométricas entre los jugadores de waterpolo de la selección nacional de Serbia, que fue campeona olímpica en Tokio 2021, la selección nacional de Estados Unidos que ocupó el sexto lugar y la selección nacional de Montenegro, que acabó octavo. El índice de masa corporal, el porcentaje de grasa y la masa muscular (variables de composición corporal) se evaluaron mediante Impedancia Bioeléctrica tipo MC-980 y la altura corporal, el peso corporal, el pliegue del tríceps, el pliegue del bíceps, el pliegue de la espalda, el pliegue abdominal, el pliegue de la parte superior de la pierna y la parte inferior de la pierna. Los pliegues cutáneos (otras características antropométricas) fueron evaluados mediante un antropómetro y un calibrador. ANOVA mostró que había una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el porcentaje de grasa. La prueba post hoc de LSD mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los jugadores de waterpolo de la selección nacional de Montenegro (13,33 %) en comparación con los jugadores de waterpolo de la selección de Estados Unidos (16,67 %). Se puede afirmar que los jugadores de waterpolo de Montenegro tenían un porcentaje de grasa estadísticamente significativamente menor que los jugadores de waterpolo de EE. UU. y un nivel de grasa más bajo que los jugadores de waterpolo de Serbia, lo que no es estadísticamente significativo. Aunque el porcentaje de grasa es un factor perturbador para los atletas, no tuvo ningún efecto en el resultado de los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio, ya que al final Serbia ganó la medalla de oro, Estados Unidos quedó en sexto lugar y Montenegro en el octavo lugar. Esto significa que en los resultados de los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio en el waterpolo influyeron otras habilidades, por ejemplo tácticas, físicas, psicológicas y técnicas, tal como lo demostrarán investigaciones a futuro.

Efectos del ciclismo en la composición corporal e indicadores de riesgo metabólico / Effects of cycling on Body Composition and Metabolic Risk Indicators

Introducción: El ciclismo es una actividad física que se practica de forma recreativa y como actividad laboral, en base a esto los beneficios en la salud varían. Sus efectos pueden extenderse en la regulación de la expresión de citocinas proinflamatorias en la obesidad; sin embargo, se deben estudiar detalles en los indicadores clínicos asociados a otras enfermedades crónico-degenerativas. Objetivo: Identificar los cambios en los parámetros clínicos que sirven como indicadores de riesgo metabólico en personas que realizan ciclismo como ejercicio habitual y como actividad laboral. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de diseño transversal, descriptivo en el Estado de México, México. Se formaron 3 grupos de 16 participantes provenientes de Toluca y municipios aledaños. Se realizaron mediciones de composición corporal y análisis bioquímicos para identificar las diferencias entre los grupos a través de la prueba t- student y el análisis de varianza ANOVA. Resultados: Los análisis estadísticos reportaron diferencias significativas en las concentraciones de lipoproteínas de alta densindad y triglicéridos. Para el grupo de los conductores de bicitaxi fue más favorable, se detalla como el tiempo de la actividad ayuda a mantener los parámetros de composición corporal como el porcentaje del tejido muscular y adiposo. Conclusiones: Los beneficios del ciclismo se presentaron con diferentes grados de eficiencia de acuerdo con la modalidad en la que se practican. Las variables no cambian de forma significativa en ningún grupo, pueden ser dependientes de otras variables como la alimentación(AU)

Introduction: Cycling is a physical activity, which is practiced recreationally and as a work activity. Its effects may extend to the regulation of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in obesity; however, details should be studied in the clinical indicators associated with other chronic-degenerative diseases. Objective: To identify changes in clinical parameters that serve as indicators of metabolic risk in people who perform cycling as a regular exercise and as a work activity. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive design research was carried out in the State of Mexico, Mexico. Three groups of 16 participants were formed from Toluca and surrounding municipalities. Body composition measurements and biochemical analyzes were performed to identify differences between groups through Student's t test and ANOVA analysis of variance. Results: Statistical analyzes reported significant differences in HDL and triglyceride concentrations. For the group of pedicab drivers it was more favorable, it is detailed how the time of the activity helps to maintain body composition parameters such as the percentage of muscle and adipose tissue. Conclusions: The benefits of cycling were presented with different degrees of efficiency according to the modality in which they are practiced. The variables do not change significantly in any group and may be dependent on other variables such as diet(AU)

Variabilidad de comunidades de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en charcas temporales del norte de Colombia

Introducción: Las charcas temporales son ecosistemas acuáticos variables en su estructura física y biótica, efímeros en el paisaje e importantes en el flujo de materia y energía. Los macroinvertebrados acuáticos constituyen el grupo más abundante y diverso en estos ecosistemas y requieren mayor estudio, particularmente en los trópicos. Objetivo: Evaluar la diversidad alfa y beta de las comunidades de macroinvertebrados acuáticos de seis charcas temporales durante dos épocas climáticas en el norte de Colombia. Métodos: En Magdalena, Colombia, hicimos seis arrastres aleatorios con redes manuales en la zona litoral, y seis arrastres en zigzag con redes tipo D en la zona lacustre; recolectamos macrofauna en tres lances con una draga Ekman; y muestreamos cada charca durante la alta precipitación (noviembre, 2020) y la baja precipitación (febrero, 2021). Resultados: Identificamos 3 358 individuos (13 órdenes, 39 familias y 68 géneros). La mayor abundancia y diversidad (N= 485, 0D= 32) durante la época de lluvia se presentó en Los Campanos, mientras que la charca Villa Leidy tuvo el mayor número de taxones comunes (18) y dominantes (14). En la época de sequía, la charca Los Trillizos presentó la mayor abundancia (533) y diversidad (43); mientras que Villa Leidy y El Miquito el mayor número de taxones dominantes (16). Las charcas tienen composiciones particulares (sin agrupamientos espaciales o temporales); el recambio de taxones es alto, y la correspondencia canónica se agrupa por temporada. Conclusiones: la composición de las comunidades de macroinvertebrados acuáticos de las charcas temporales son muy diversas, presentando alto recambio tanto espacial como temporal, reflejando altos valores de remplazo de taxones entre épocas climáticas. La zona litoral mantuvo una composición similar durante las dos temporadas.

Introduction: Temporary ponds are variable aquatic ecosystems in their physical and biotic structure, ephemeral in the landscape and important in the flow of matter and energy. Aquatic macroinvertebrates constitute the most abundant and diverse group in these ecosystems and need further study, particularly in the tropics. Objective: To evaluate the alpha and beta diversity of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities of six temporary pools during two climatic seasons in Northern Colombia. Methods: In Magdalena, Colombia, we did six random trawls with hand nets in the coastal zone, and six zig zag trawls with D nets in the lacustrine zone; we collected macrofauna in three random hauls with an Ekman dredge; and sampled each pond in high rainfall (November 2020) and low rainfall (February 2021). Results: We identified 3 358 individuals (13 orders, 39 families and 68 genera). The highest rainy season abundance and diversity (N= 485, 0D= 32) were in Los Campanos, while Villa Leidy Pond had the highest number of common (18) and dominant (14) taxa. During the dry season, Los Trillizos Pond had the highest abundance (533) and diversity (43); while Villa Leidy and El Miquito had the largest number of dominant taxa (16). The pools have a particular composition (no spatial or temporal grouping); taxa turnover is high, and the canonical correspondence clustered by season. Conclusions: The aquatic macroinvertebrate communities of the temporary ponds are diverse and have high turnover in space and time, reflecting high replacement of taxa between climatic periods. The littoral zone had a similar composition in the two seasons.

Impact of preoperative body composition in patients with renal cell carcinoma submitted to surgical treatment / Impacto da composição corporal pré-operatória em pacientes com carcinoma de células renais submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of preoperative body composition in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 52 patients with RCC undergoing total or partial nephrectomy. Body composition assessment was performed using the body mass index, together with computed tomography analysis at the level of the third lumbar vertebra to measure the area of visceral adipose tissue, as well as the area and density of skeletal muscle mass. Results: Malnutrition, obesity and inadequate skeletal muscle gauge (SMG) were associated with higher hospital length of stay (p = 0.028, p = 0.02 and p = 0.012, respectively). Although the rates of postoperative symptoms and readmissions were low, survival was better among the patients with an adequate SMG than among those with an inadequate SMG (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Among patients with RCC undergoing surgical treatment, preoperative body composition does not seem to be associated with the rates of perioperative complications, although an inadequate SMG seems to be associated with worse overall survival.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o impacto da composição corporal pré-operatória em pacientes portadores de carcinoma de células renais (CCR) submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de 52 pacientes portadores de CCR submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. A avaliação da composição corporal foi realizada por meio do índice de massa corporal e análise da L3 obtida pela tomografia computadorizada para mensurar a área do tecido adiposo visceral, área e densidade da massa muscular esquelética. Resultados: Os pacientes desnutridos, obesos e que apresentaram produto muscular esquelético (PME) inadequado permaneceram mais tempo internados (p = 0,028, p = 0,02 e p = 0,012, respectivamente). As taxas de sintomas e reinternações no pósoperatório foram baixas em toda a amostra, no entanto, observou-se que pacientes com PME inadequado apresentaram uma pior sobrevida em relação aos pacientes com PME adequado (p = 0,003). Conclusão: A análise da composição corporal pré-operatória não mostrou associação com as taxas de complicações periope-ratórias em pacientes portadores de CCR submetidos a nefrectomia total ou parcial, no entanto, a inadequação do PME está associada a uma pior sobrevida.

Calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios: percepción del estado físico y mental versus realidad antropométrica

Introducción: Conocer la calidad de vida es fundamental para realizar intervenciones en una población. A través de una evaluación antropométrica y de la percepción de la calidad de vida, se pudiera determinar la realidad de esta situación. Objetivo: Establecer la correspondencia entre la calidad de vida y las características antropométricas en estudiantes de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, donde se evaluaron la calidad de vida -por el cuestionario SF-36- y la antropometría nutricional de 48 sujetos. Se estableció la correspondencia entre calidad de vida, índice de masa corporal y características antropométricas. Resultados: Los individuos con sobrepeso mostraron mayor puntuación en la función y el rol físico del SF-36 que los que tuvieron una composición corporal normal, según su índice de masa corporal. Estos refirieron tener mayor salud general y mejor función social. En el sexo femenino, las que refirieron poseer calidad de vida muy buena presentaron predominio del componente endomórfico, y las que consideraron una calidad de vida inferior presentaron un componente endomórfico, aunque menor que las que refirieron una mejor calidad de vida. En el sexo masculino se aprecia que los que ostentaron calidad de vida regular fueron mesoendomórficos. Los que tuvieron las mejores calificaciones presentaron menor adiposidad y mayor desarrollo músculo-esquelético relativo. Conclusiones: El empleo de las características antropométricas de los sujetos estudiados, permitió establecer, en el sexo masculino, una correspondencia entre estas y su calidad de vida. En el femenino, por su parte, se sobrestimó la calidad de vida, reflejado en un mayor valor de masa grasa en quienes refirieron muy buena calidad de vida, y en una subestimación de la calidad de vida de quienes tuvieron mejor condición física.

Introduction: Knowing the quality of life is essential to carry out interventions in a population. Through an anthropometric evaluation and the perception of quality of life, the reality of this situation could be determined. Objective: To establish the correspondence between quality of life and anthropometric characteristics in students of the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out where the quality of life -using the SF questionnaire- and nutritional anthropometry of 48 subjects were evaluated. The correspondence between quality of life, body mass index and anthropometric characteristics was established. Results: Overweight individuals showed higher SF-36 function and physical role scores than those with normal body composition according to their body mass index. The overweight individuals reported having better general health and better social function. In females, those who report having a very good quality of life have a predominance of the endomorphic component, and those who consider having a lower quality of life have an endomorph component, but less than those who report a better quality of life. In the male sex, it is appreciated that those who showed regular quality of life were meso-endomorphic; those who had best ratings had less adiposity and greater relative musculoskeletal development. Conclusions: The use of the anthropometric characteristics of the studied subjects allowed establishing, in the male sex, a correspondence between them and the quality of life. In the female sex, on the other hand, the quality of life was overestimated, reflected in a higher value of fat mass in those who reported very good quality of life, and in an underestimation of the quality of life of those who had better physical condition.

La antropometría aplicada en el ultrasonido como herramienta para la medición de la composición corporal

La caracterización antropométrica de los individuos aporta información para la evaluación de su estado de salud, en particular la composición corporal -aspecto esencial en la valoración nutricional y funcional-, donde el ultrasonido adquiere cada vez más valor en el análisis de estos componentes. El propósito de esta investigación es sistematizar los referentes sobre el estudio de la composición corporal a través de las mediciones del tejido adiposo subcutáneo por ultrasonido. Se realizó una investigación documental cuyo objeto de estudio fueron los artículos publicados en las bases de datos SciELO, EBSCO y PubMed, entre enero de 2020 y octubre de 2022. Se encontró que existen diferentes centros investigativos que han desarrollado estudios sobre la composición corporal medida a través de ultrasonido, mayormente en la última década. Las principales escuelas se encuentran en Francia, Estados Unidos, Brasil y Austria. Las aplicaciones de estos estudios se encuentran en la nutrición, el deporte, la salud en general, y poblaciones particulares como niños, adolescentes, militares e individuos con sobrepeso u obesidad. Por tanto, se considera que el ultrasonido es un método indirecto de medición de la composición corporal, que ha sido empleado para medir la estructura del tejido y ha demostrado ser una técnica precisa para medir el grosor de la grasa subcutánea.

The anthropometric characterization of individuals provides information for the evaluation of their health status, in particular body composition -a fundamental aspect in nutritional and functional assessment- where ultrasound acquires increasingly more value in the analysis of these components. The purpose of this study is to systematize the references on the study of body composition through measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue by ultrasound. A documentary research was carried out whose object of study was the scientific articles published in the SciELO, EBSCO and PubMed databases, between January 2020 and October 2022. It was found that different research centers have developed studies on body composition measured through ultrasound, mainly in the last decade. The main schools are located in France, the United States, Brazil and Austria. The applications of these studies are found in nutrition, sports, health in general and in particular populations such as children, adolescents, military personnel, and overweight or obese individuals. Therefore, ultrasound is considered to be an indirect method of measuring body composition, which has been used to measure tissue structure and has proven to be an accurate technique for measuring the thickness of subcutaneous fat.